EnglishFeatures of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
ADHD is a chronic behavioral and neurodevelopmental disorder with a neurobiological etiology and is diagnosed on the basis of frequency, severity and duration of manifestation in 3 groups of behaviors including: attention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. This is the most common disorder in children. According to the Statistical Diagnostic Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV-TR), symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity persist for more than 6 months and are not associated with the degree of development of the disorder. young. These symptoms are environment-related and cause significant functional impairment at home, at school, or in social settings. Some symptoms occur before the child turns 7 years old.
Pliszka S: Personality Issues and Professional Recommendations Team in the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents with Attention Hyperactivity Disorder at the Institute of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, USA. , J Am Acad Child Adolesce Psychiatry 46:894-921, 2007.
National Center for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder - Attention Hyperactivity Disorder Association: http://www.add.org
Age of ADHD
Community prevalence research has shown that about 4 to 12% of school-age children have ADHD.
Men or women are most likely to have ADHD
Men are three to four times more likely to develop ADHD than women. The main symptom is disruptive behavior, especially hyperactivity, while women often have attention-related problems.
Genetics for ADHD
ADHD has a high genetic predisposition. In a study of identical twins who grew up in different families, if one had ADHD, the other was 75% likely to have ADHD. In the study of fraternal twins, the odds of harmony were as high as 33%. Studies of siblings with ADHD show a 20 to 30 percent chance of having ADHD. About 25% of children with ADHD will have at least one parent with symptoms or a diagnosis of ADHD.
Other conditions that may co-exist with ADHD
Medical: lead poisoning, iron deficiency, hypothyroidism, impaired vision or hearing, sleep disturbances, mass lesions (eg, hydrocephalus), hemorrhagic stroke, pain complex migraine, alcohol death syndrome, fragile X syndrome, Williams syndrome, neurofibromatosis, nodular sclerosis (tuberculous encephalopathy), drug side effects (eg: cold products, steroid compounds) and drug abuse. Learning or developmental disorders: mental retardation (MR), autism spectrum disorders (eg, pervasive developmental disorders, Asperger's syndrome) and specific learning disorders. Impediments related to central auditory processing disorders were also investigated, although it has not been possible to determine whether these problems represent another type of disorder or represent the cognitive impairment associated with ADHD.
Behavioral or emotional disorders: Affective disorders (eg, depression, bipolar disorder), anxiety disorders, stress reactions (eg, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety disorders) adjustment disorder), disruptive behavior disorder (eg, oppositional defiant disorder) personality disorder. Psychosocial factors: unhappy family, no parental love and abuse.
Common comorbid disorders with ADHD
• Anxiety• Bipolar Affective Disorder• Behavior Disorder• Depression• Language Problems• Learning Disorder• Mental Retardation• Operational Defiance Disorder• Sleep Problems• Disturbance. seizure disorder
Diagnostic test to confirm ADHD
There is no definitive diagnostic test for ADHD because the diagnosis requires evidence that the typical symptoms occur at a high frequency over a long period of time. This information is collected from at least two settings or locations (e.g., school and home) and may be stored during surveying, historical reporting, and the use of other standardized rating scales. together. ADHD treatment kits along with a diagnostic scale for doctors are available on the website:
http://nichq.org/resources/toolkit of the Children's Health Care Quality Foundation.
Carter S, Syed-Sabir H: How to Use Scores to Diagnose ADHD, Arch Dis Child Educ Pract Ed 93:159-162, 2008.
How to treat ADHD
A multimodal approach is recommended, including psychiatric medication, behavioral therapies, family education and counseling, and educational interventions.
Jellinek M: ADHD Treatments: More than Just Medication, Contemp Pediatr 25:39-48, 2008. Pliszka S: Personality Issues Team and Professional Recommendations for Assessment and Treatment Children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder of the American Institute of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, J Am Acad Child Adolesce Psychiatry 46:894-921, 2007.
The best ADHD medication
Stimulant medications (methylphenidate and dextroa
